Cooling system for internal combustion engines



June 1939. E, ZQERLElN 2,161,942

COOLING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBSTION- ENGINES Filed Jan. 15,1938

1N VENTOR f e m A TTORNEYS.

Patented June 13, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Emil Zoerlein,Dearborn, Mich., assigner to Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich., acorporation of Delaware Application January 13, 1938, Serial No. 184,784

l Claims.

The object of my invention is to provide a cooling system especiallyadapted for internalcombustion engines when used in industrialinstallations. In such installations it is very desirable that theconventional radiator and fan be eliminated because the fan consumesbetween one and two horse power and produces considerable noise inoperation. In the past installations have been provided in which theradiator and fan were eliminated, but in these installations the coolingwater was conducted directly to the engine cylinder block. These unitsdid not prove satisfactory because the cold cooling water produced coldspots in the engine which caused warpage of the engine cylindersand'also produced ineicient combustion in those cylinders adjacent tothe cold Water inlet. It will be readily apparent that if in suchinstallations the amount of cold Water is restricted sufficiently tomaintain the adjacent cylinders at an operating temperature, thecylinders further away from the inlet will overheat. It is, therefore,the purpose of my invention to provide means for introducing coolingwater into the engine cooling system in such manner that it cools all ofthe cooling medium in the engine before the water is fed to the cylinderblocks.

A further object of my invention is to provide a cooling system as abovedescribed in which the introduction of a small amount of cold watercirculates a relatively large volume of cooling water through the block,the volume of water circulated being many times that of the volume ofcold water introduced into the system. In this way a large volume ofwarm water is forced rapidly past the heated cylinders and valvechambers to thereby prevent cold spots in any part of the motor andstill adequately conduct the heat away from the motor.

Still a further object of my invention is to provide a thermostaticallycontrolled means for regulating the flow of cold water into the coolingsystem to thereby maintain a uniform operating temperature for theengine under all loads.

Still a further object of my invention is to provide a motor, as abovedescribed, having a manually operated means in conjunction with athermostatically controlled cold water inlet so that the operator mayintroduce cold water into the system, irrespective of the position ofthe thermostat. In this manner the operator may lill the cooling systemwhile the engine is not operating. This function is necessary inconnection with a thermostatically controlled water inlet because afterthe various hose connections Cl. 12S-178)V are made the system must befilled with water to initially place the engine in operation. If this isnot done heat will not be conducted to the thermostat so that it willnot register the temperature of the motor. The thermostat under theseconditions will not open up to allow the introduction of cold water whenthe motor temperature rises above its normal operating temperature. Withthe manually operated valve shown, the system may be filled with coldwater before the engine starts and then the thermostats will function tomaintain the motor at a predetermined operating temperature.

With these and other objects in View, my invention consists in thearrangement, construction and combination of the various parts of myimproved device, as described in this specification, claimed in myclaims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a V-type eight `cylinder motor having myimproved cooling system installed thereon.

Figure 2 is a front elevation of the installation, shown in Figure l,the cooling water manifold associated therewith being shown in verticalsection to better illustrate the construction.

Figure 3 is a sectional view, taken upon the line 3 3 of Figure 2, and

Figure 4 is a sectional view, taken upon the line 4-4 of Figure 2iReferring to the accompanying drawing, Il

have used the reference numeral Il] to indicate the cylinder blockcasting of a V-typ'e eight cylinder motor. to the forward end -of theblock III, which brackets serve both as supports for the front end ofthe motor and as Water inlets for the respective blocks of the motor.Cylinder heads I2' are bolted over the outer ends ofthe cylinders in theconventional manner, each of which heads is provided with a water outletflange I3. Cooling water is circulated through the `motor in theconventional manner; that is,- it enters the cylinder blocks through theinlets II and then circulates around the four cylinders in each blockland then enters the cylinder heads I2. The water is then dischargedthrough the outlet anges I3. A valve chamber cover plate I4 is boltedover the upper central portion o-f the block IIJ, which plate not onlyencloses the valve chamber but also serves normally to support agenerator and fan assembly. The generator and fan are not used in thisinstallation but a cooling water manifold is bolted to the cover plateinstead. My improved manifold is secured by a A pair of brackets II are`bolted` irsl bolt I5 to a forward vertical face on the cover plate I4.

-My manifold is preferably formed as a casting which extendstransversely across the top of the motor. A cold water passageway I6extends from one end of the manifold therethrough to the center of themotor, while directly beneath the passageway I6 a distributingpassageway I1 is Yprovided which extends the length of the w'manifold. AWarm water circulating passageway I8 extends transversely across themanifold beneath the passageway I1.

It will be noted from Figure 2 that tubes I9 extend from therespectiveends of-the manifold rdownwardly to the brackets II, the upperends of tubes I9 communicating with the respective `ends of thepassageway I'8'whil'e their lower ends Vbers VI'I I' tothe lcylinderblocks. In order to circulat'ejthewater in this manner I have provided"a'n'injecto'r nozzle in each of the-tubes I9. Each 'injector comprisinga Venturi sleeve 2I which is inserted in the'upperend` of'each tube I9.A nozzle 22 extendsfrom each end of the passageway 'I 1`downwardly`intothe 'adjacent Venturi ysleeve 2| `softhat when water Visdischarged through the`nozzle122 it' draws l.the water from the passage-Y -way -I84 to'thereby circulate the.water through the' entire coolingsystem.

After the water in the cooling Vsystem hasV reacheda normal Voperatingtemperature means nozzles ,22. When such water is' being injected an'equivalent amount of V`water must be discharged. @To take care of thisI haveV provided an exhaust passageway "23 lwhich is. cast inthemanifold in Vpositic'nrparallelt'o the passageway fI8. The exh'austfpassagewayi23 extends from the center of Y the manifold to one fendthereof. An overflow .pipe'24 is'screwedintdthe. outer end of the'passageway 23 so as to conduct V*the 4overflowvof water awayk from theunit. Y lIromthe foregoing it;will be seen that when 'waterjis Abeinginjected through-the nozzles122 hotwater from both of the hoses20will-be drawn *down through the tubes I9 'andmix with the cool y 55water injected. The resultant warm water will Y thentbe fed to themotor. The amount ofcold water which is injected through Ythenozzlescauses "aportion of the water flowing outwardly through 'thehoses'20 toV flow through the passageway `I 8 to the center thereof andthen outwardly through the outlet passagewayv 23 and outlet pipe 2li.,YIt

'will be 'noted that Vthe water which is lexhausted has'reached thehighest temperaturein the cooling system. An extremely ,importantyfeature Vof Vthis system is that Arapid-circulation Yof thejcoolingwateris obtained without the use of pumps or thelike. i

g VIn* order toV control the 4flow of'water through 'the' nozz1es22tothat required to efficiently cool erated valve unit whichrcomprisesapoppetivalve tis vformed 'as a tubular member'which extends i downthrough Y aY verticalv opening at vthe. center of the manifold. Thevalve 25 proper is disposed i'sfprovided fortinjecting cold waterthrough theY the motor, I havevprovided thermostatically-op'- Y betweenthe inner end of the passageway I6 and the distributing passageway I1 sothat' when the valve 25 is closed, water will not flow from the inletpassageway I6 to the distributing passageway I1. 1 The valveV 25 isdirectly connected Yto an 'expanding bellows 21, which bellows extendsdownwardly through the wall which separates the vpassageways I1 and I8and is located directlyY in front of the entrance toV the'outletpassageway 10 23. Thus, the hot water in the system in exhaustingthrough the passageway 23 must strike against the bellows 21.* A pocket28 is formed at the center portion of the passageway I8 into which thebellows extends, which pocket is adapt- 15 ed to retain a small amountof water. Thus, even should the flow of water through the nozzles 22 Ybe stopped a certain amount of the Water flowing by thermosyphon actionthrough the'manifold lI8 will mix with the water in the pocket 28 to 20thereby expand thebellows 2 1 when Vthe temperature is approaching theupper limit. This pocket is formedA as a safety Vmeasure because withoutsamethe waterlevel inthe passageway I'lfnight be reduced to a pointwhere the bellows'.v would be T25 exposed to vapor insteadof beingimmersed-'in the cooling fluid. I The operation of the device, after',the coling system` has once been lled, is 'as follows:

Thejmtor issta'rted and the 'valve 25 'remainso closetm- Cooling wateris therefore not`permitted to enter the system. Conseduentlyfthe notorheats up quite rapidly and thus causes a definite flow of the coolingwater through the tubes "IIL by thermosyphon action. `IIot waterV entersthef`35 manifold and maintainssame at substantially the sametemperature'as the cylinder heads `7I2`. A'The Y expansion of thec'ooling'uid dueto itsincreased temperature causes a small portion'thereof`to Y flow inwardlythroughfthe passageway I8 so asiio to enterthe outlet `passageway"23. vThis il'owA of hot Vwater causes the bellows21 to expandltoY Y therebyope'n' the valve 25. VAs'soon as the valve 25openswater flows from'the passageway I6"to the distributing passagewayI1 and then to -thel' two'no'zzles 22 fromA which itis injectedYdownkwardly throughtheA tubes I9. This increases'the speed ofcirculationfand'insures'c'ooling 'of Yeven Vthe hottest parts by the'warm water` enteringv the motor. Water win continuetvonow'throughgo'the'nozzles -22 until the Warm water starts`A to bedischarged. The warmwater being "twenty or thirty degrees cooler than the het water, causesthe bellows `21' to contract 'which closes theY Valve 25. In actual`practice the lvalve 25`is notoperedj-55 and closedV but simply isreduced -in aperture until aibalanc'e is'i'eache'd. 4Whenthe motor visidling or doing light work the valve`r 25 will'remainV only partiallyopenfwhile when'the motor isoperatling under full load'the valveY25v'villbeopened-60 fully' to thereby allow a proportional increase inythe lcoolingwater entering the system. Thus a l I uniform operating'temperature-for tuemtfis maintained regardless of'work'bein'g'done'bythe motor. 'Y l, v q65 The @my disadvantage inherentin 4tn'enstruction justdescribed is that after Ivthe 'device Yis firstassembled water'cannot n'vv`-t'hrugh 'the valve 25 to 'fill/up thelcooling system-.Consewould probably burnup as -there VVwould .beno

medium to transferV the vheat from the h'tirl'tor to thebell'ows 21.Inorder to overcome'this, I haveY provided `a Vmanually operatedvrifie-*29 which is inserted in a lateral openingn in"the"`wal1"75 yCluently, iffthemotor-is 'startedatf'suehftime it `70` n vthat separatesthe passageways I6 and l1, as

will be noted from Figures 2 and 3. When this Valve is in the positionshown, which is the normal operating position, water is not permitted toflow through this valve between the passageways. However, when the valveis open the water may flow directly from the passageway i6 through thevalve to the passageway I1 to thereby fill up the cooling systemindependently of the thermostatically operated valve 25. After thesystem has once been filled the valve may be closed and it need notagain be operated until some part of the system has failed.

Among the many advantages arising from the use of my improved device, itmay be well to mention that warm water is forced through the engine in arelatively large amount so that the temperature difference between theinlet and outlet is quite small. This causes a more uniform heatdistribution throughout the engine and prevents cold spots therebyincreasing the operating eihciency of the motor.

It has been mentioned that the generator which is ordinarily supportedby the valve chamber cover plate I4 is omitted from this installationand the manifold installed in its place. This necessitates other meansfor maintaining the storage battery, used for starting, in a chargedcondition. To accomplish this I provide a small charger which isoperated from the 11G-volt .lighting system and connect this to thebattery at all times. If desired, the battery may be dispensed with andthe charger connected directly to the ignition system to operate same.This, of course, requires hand cranking of the motor.

A further advantage of my invention is that ample water circulation isaccomplished without water pumps or the like, thereby simplifying theconstruction.

Still a further advantage results in that the amount of cold water usedis directly proportional to the load of the motor to thereby eifect aconsiderable saving in cooling water.

Some changes may be made in the arrangement, construction andcombination of the various parts of my improved device without departingfrom the spirit of my invention, and 1t 1s my intention to cover by myclaims such changes as may reasonably be included within the scopethereof.

I claim as my invention:

1. An internal-combustion engine having a water jacket around itscombustion chambers, lsaid water jacket having inlet and outlet openmgstherein, comprising a conduit extending from said outlet to said inletopening so that cooling water may circulate through said jacket andconduit, said jacket and conduit forming a cooling systern an injectornozzle disposed within said conduit, means for injecting relatively coldwater through said nozzle to produce an injection action which bothcools and circulates all of the fluid in said cooling system, and meansfor discharging heated water from said water jacket in an amount equalto the cold water introduced through said nozzle, said heated waterbeing discharged from the cooling system at a point between said outletopening and said nozzle.

2. An internal-combustion engine having a water jacket around itscombustion chambers, said water jacket having inlet and outlet openingstherein, a conduit which conducts water from said outlet opening back tosaid inlet opening,

said water jacket and conduit forming a cooling system, an injectornozzle disposed within said conduit, a cold water inlet pipe, a valvedisposed between said inlet pipe and said nozzle, and a thermostatimmersed in the water within said conduit at a point adjacent to thehigh temperature portion thereof, said thermostat opening and closingsaid valve so that when the cooling water adjacent thereto reaches apredetermined temperature said thermostat opens said valve and allowsrelatively cold Water to be injected through said nozzle, the injectoraction produced by said cold water circulating the Water in the entirecooling system.

3. An internal-combustion engine having a Water jacket around itscombustion chambers, said water jacket having high and low temperatureportions comprising, a conduit for conducting uid from said hightemperature portion to said low temperature portion, an injector nozzledisposed within said conduit, means for injecting relatively cold waterthrough said nozzle to produce an injector action which circulates allof the water in said Awater jacket and conduit, and means fordischarging heated Water from said cooling system in an amount equal tothe cold water introduced through said nozzle, said discharged waterbeing drawn from the high temperature portion of said water jacket.

4. An internal-combustion engine having a water jacket around itscombustion chambers, said jacket having inlet and outlet openingstherein, a conduit extending from said outlet to said inlet opening sothat cooling fluid may circulate through said jacket and conduit, aninjector nozzle disposed within said conduit, means for injectingrelatively cold water through said nozzle to produce an injection actionwhich circulates all of the fluid in said jacket and conduit, and meansfor discharging an amount of heated water from said conduit equal to theamount of cold water introduced through said nozzle, said heated waterbeing discharged from said conduit at a point between said outletopening and said nozzle.

5. An internal-combustion engine having a water jacket around itscombustion chambers, said jacket having inlet and outlet openingstherein, a conduit extending from said outlet opening to said inletopening so that water may circulate through said conduit and jacket, aninjector nozzle disposed within said conduit, a cold water inlet pipe, avalve disposed between said pipe and said nozzle, and a thermostatdisposed within said conduit in position between said outlet opening andsaid nozzle, said thermostat controlling the operation of said valve sothat upon the cooling water adjacent thereto reaching a predeterminedtemperature said thermostat opens said Valve to allow relatively coldwater to be injected through said nozzle, said injector actioncirculating the water in the entire conduit and water jacket in adirection from said nozzle towards said inlet opening.

6. An internal-combustion engine having a water jacket around itscombustion chambers, said jacket having inlet and outlet openingstherein, an injector manifold disposed above said motor, a conduitextending from said manifold to said inlet opening, a second conduitextending from said outlet opening to said manifold, an injector nozzledisposed Within said manifold, a cold water inlet pipe connected withsaid manifold, a valve disposed between said inlet pipe and said nozzle,and a thermostat interposedv within V,said manifold between said nozzleand the outlet -opening in vsaid'water jacket, said thermostat fcontrolling the operation of said valve sothat vupon the-cooling wateradjacent thereto reaching a'predetermined-temperature said thermostatwill open said valve and allow relatively cold.V

waterto be injected throughfsaid nozzle, said injector-.actioncirculating the cooling fluid in said conduit fromfsaid nozzletowardsrthe inlet Vopening inl said water jacket.

'7. An internal-combustion engine having a .waterxljacket around Veachof its cylinder blocks, each of said water jackets having inletAandvoutlet'openings therein, acoolingwater distributing Vmanifoldvextending across the upper part of said engine, said manifold having acold water inlet passageway formed therein which extends the length ofthe manifold, a circulating Water passagewayeXtending the'length of saidmanifold,

` conduits extending from the respective ends of ,said circulatingpassageway to the adjacent inlet openings in' said coolingA waterjackets, nozzles extending from therespective ends of said coolingwaterpassageway into said conduits, return vpipes extending from'said outletopenings to the adjacent ends of said circulating water passagelway, anoutlet passageway insaid manifold, said inlet passageway and thus V,bedischarged through by circulating the Water through both cylinderblocks. Y Y Y g Y EMIL ZOERLEIN.

Vsaid nozzles, the injection action produced there-

